The Amazon suffers from the occurrence of mining along its hydrographic routes, which releases toxic substances into the aquatic environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk of contamination by As and Hg that indigenous peoples are exposed to through the consumption of fish in an area impacted by mining activity in the basin of the Curuá and Baú Rivers, Altamira-PA. In total, 55 fish specimens and 30 surface water samples were collected. The decomposition of the fish samples was done by wet method with the use of nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, and microwaves. The quantification of total mercury (THg) and total arsenic (TAs) was carried out by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry with vapor generation (VG-ICP OES). The methodology proposed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency was used. The results showed that TAs presents safe levels; however, THg presents a sample with levels up to (4.6 µg g 1), exceeding the permitted levels (1 µg g 1). The risk assessment shows that only the consumption of fish, linked to Hg, represents the existence of deleterious risks to indigenous peoples (hazard quotient (HQ)) > 1). Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) in fish represents a risk to indigenous people, because of the Hg’s presence. The study identified that illegal mining activities are responsible for Hg pollution in the Baú and Curuá Rivers. The fish species analyzed can be used as bioindicators of Hg in the rivers, which is relevant for making environmental and public health policy decisions.

RESUMO ‘ Pitaya’ (Hylocereus undatus) é um cacto trepador, frutífera com grande potencial de alimento para região semiárida. Objetivou-se avaliar a produção de mudas de ‘pitaya’ irrigadas com água de baixa e alta salinidade e cultivadas em diferentes tipos de ambientes. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 × 2, sendo duas condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação: S1 - 0,3 dS m-1 (baixa salinidade) e S2 - 5,0 dS m-1 (salinidade moderada), em dois ambientes: A1 - telado preto com 50% de sombreamento e A2 - pleno sol, com 10 repetições. As variáveis analisadas foram: altura da planta, diâmetro do caule principal, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca da raiz, massa seca total da planta, número de brotos secundários, comprimento de raiz e comprimento dos brotos secundários. O telado preto com 50% de sombreamento proporcionou maior altura de planta, número de brotos secundários e comprimento de raiz de plantas de ‘pitaya’. A irrigação com água de salinidade moderada (5,0 dS m-1) reduz o número de brotos secundários, e comprimento da raiz e dos cladódios secundários. As mudas de ‘pitaya’ cultivadas sob 50% de sombreamento (telado preto) apresentaram maior biomassa seca de raiz quando irrigadas com água de baixa salinidade. Foram observados maiores valores do diâmetro do cladódio primário, da biomassa seca acima do solo e da biomassa seca total sob luz plena do sol e elevado estresse salino.

ABSTRACT ‘Pitaya’ (Hylocereus undatus) is a fruit-bearing, climbing cactus with great food potential for the semiarid region. This study aimed to evaluate the production of ‘pitaya’ seedlings irrigated with low and high salinity water and grown in different light intensities. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with two electrical conductivities of irrigation water: S1 - 0.3 dS m-1 (low salinity) and S2 - 5.0 dS m-1 (moderate salinity) in two environments: A1 - black net with 50% shading, and A2 - full sun, with ten replicates. The variables evaluated were plant height, main cladode diameter, above-ground biomass, root biomass, total plant biomass, number of secondary cladodes, root length, and length of secondary cladodes. The 50% shading (black net) promoted higher plant height, number of secondary shoots, and root length of the ‘pitaya’ plants. The irrigation with moderate saline water (5.0 dS m-1) reduced the number of secondary cladodes, length of root, and length of secondary cladodes. The ‘pitaya’ seedlings grown under 50% shading (black net) showed greater root dry biomass when irrigated with low-salinity water. Greater values of diameter of the primary cladode, above-ground dry biomass, and total dry biomass were observed under full sunlight and elevated saline stress.

Abstract Various studies have identified that between 2012 and 2017, Brazil’s semiarid region suffered severe drought. However, few studies have analyzed whether this drought also affected the eastern coastal region of Northeast Brazil (ENEB). Therefore, the objective of this work is to identify rainfall anomalies in these regions and verify the hydrometeorological impact on reservoirs in the 2012-2017 interval. For this purpose, we used precipitation data and atmospheric variables in the period from 1981 to 2017 to investigate the rainy season and associated dynamic patterns, as well as the consequences of these mechanisms on the variation of the water parameters of important reservoirs. The results indicated that rain events in the ENEB during 2012-2017 presented similar climatological behavior, without the characteristic of a drought event as observed in the semiarid region. The meteorological analyses showed that the combination of convergence with moisture over the Atlantic Ocean possibly favored greater frequency of shallow convective rainfall in ENEB, an important factor to explain the absence of generalized negative anomalies in the region. As a consequence, the reservoirs did not suffer from water collapse, unlike in the semiarid region.

RESUMO Objetivou-se neste trabalho quantificar o acumulo de nutrientes na casca de quatro clones de eucalipto, aos 12 anos, plantados em diferentes densidades populacionais, extrapolando os valores para kg de nutrientes por hectare. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em arranjo fatorial 4 x 3 com três repetições, sendo quatro clones de eucalipto (2486, I182, I144 e GG100), plantados em três densidades populacionais (416, 833 e 1111 plantas por hectare). A cubagem rigorosa de três árvores por parcela foi realizada por meio da coleta de discos de casca nas seguintes alturas: diâmetro à altura do peito (1,30 m), 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100% da altura comercial do fuste. Os discos de casca de cada árvore foram agrupados e utilizados para determinar os teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S, além da densidade básica. O volume e a massa seca de casca por árvore foram estimados e o acúmulo de nutrientes por árvore e hectare foi estimado sequencialmente, para cada densidade populacional. Os valores encontrados foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste de Tukey, verificando que o Ca foi o nutriente que apresentou o maior acúmulo na casca, seguido do N, K, S, Mg e P. O aumento da densidade populacional contribuiu para uma maior produção de casca e maior acúmulo de nutrientes por hectare. Entretanto, esse aumento não foi evidente ao comparar as densidades de 833 e 1111 árvores ha-1.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to quantify the accumulation of nutrients in the bark of four eucalyptus clones at 12 years-of-age, planted at different population densities, and the values were extrapolated to kg of nutrients per hectare. The experiment used randomized blocks in a 4 × 3 factorial design and three replications, with four Eucalyptus clones (2486, I182, I144, and GG100) planted at three population densities (416, 833, and 1111 trees ha-1). The rigorous cubage of three trees per plot was performed by collecting discs of bark at the following heights: diameter at breast height (1.30 m), 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the commercial height of the stem. The bark discs of each tree were grouped and used to determine N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S content, in addition to the basic density. The volume and dry mass of bark per tree was estimated and the accumulation of nutrients per tree ha-1 was estimated sequentially, for each population density. Analysis of variance and Tukey’s post-hoc tests verified that Ca showed the greatest accumulation in the bark, followed by N, K, S, Mg, and P. The increase in population density contributed to higher bark production and greater nutrient accumulation per hectare. However, this increase was not evident when comparing densities of 833 and 1111 trees ha-1.

Resumo Este estudo investigou com observações e modelagem usando dados diários de Radiação de Onda Longa (ROL) a fase positiva favorável à atividade convectiva associada à variabilidade atmosférica intrassazonal de baixa frequência conhecida com Oscilação de Madden-Julian (OMJ) entre a região do Indico-Pacífico (INDI-PAC) e Nordeste do Brasil (NEB) entre os meses de novembro a maio no período de 1982 a 2013. O modelo usado foi global Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Model - OLAMV3.3, e para as observações foram usados dados observados por satélites gerados pelo Climate Prediction Center/National Ocean Atmospheric Admistration. O objetivo foi verificar o tempo do deslocamento da banda zonal dessas oscilações de convecção desde seu pulso inicial, região INDI-PAC até chegar sobre o NEB. Aplicou-se o método de filtragem de dados conhecido como Filtro de Lanczos na banda de 20-70 dias com a finalidade de eliminar oscilações altas (escalas sinóticas) e baixas freqüências (anuais ou mais). Características espectrais usando análises de Ondeletas mostraram que essas oscilações entre 20-70 dias, no período de novembro a maio, têm um espectro de energia máximo nos dados observados centrado no período de 8-16 pêntadas, final de dezembro e início de abril. O OLAM mostrou um adiantamento desse pico de máxima energia na região INDI-PAC e uma extensão na data de chegada no NEB, significando um atraso, sendo essa data para final de abril e maio.

Abstract This study investigated with observations and modeling using daily data of Long-Wave Radiation (RLW) the favorable phase to the convective activity associated with the low-frequency intrassazonal atmospheric variability known with Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) between the Indian Pacific region (INDI-PAC) and Northeastern Brazil (NEB) from November to May period of 1982 to 2013. The model used was the Global Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Model (OLAMV3.3) and observations were used for data generated by satellites by the Climate Prediction Center / National Ocean Atmospheric Admistration. The objective was to verify the time of the zonal band shift of these convective oscillations from its initial pulse, INDI-PAC region until reaching NEB. The data filtering method known as Lanczos Filter was applied in the band of 20-70 days in order to eliminate high oscillations, synoptic scales) and low frequencies (annual or more). Spectral characteristics using Wavelet analyzes showed that these oscillations between 20-70 days, from November to May, have a maximum energy spectrum in the observed data centered in the period of 8-16 pentads, end of December and beginning of April. The OLAM showed an advance of this maximum energy peak in the INDI-PAC region and an extension on the date of arrival in the NEB, meaning a delay, being that date for the end of April and May of this maximum of energy on the NEB.

O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar possíveis efeitos alelopáticos exercidos por extratos aquosos de folhas de cumaru (Amburana cearensis) e malva-santa (Plectranthus barbatus) sobre a germinação de sementes de caruru (Amaranthus deflexus). As sementes de caruru foram colocadas para germinar em placas de petri em contato com extratos vegetais aquosos obtidos a partir de folhas de cumaru e malva-santa sob dois métodos de preparação - extrato aquoso das folhas frescas e extrato aquoso por infusão das folhas secas - e duas dosagens - 50 e 100 g L-1. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 4 repetições e uma testemunha isolada compondo um fatorial 2 x 2 x 2 + 1. Foi determinada a porcentagem final e o índice de velocidade de germinação. A análise dos dados revelou diferença entre os tratamentos e a testemunha, condicionando graus diferentes de alelopatia para os extratos usados afetando drasticamente a germinação do caruru. O extrato a base de folhas frescas de cumaru apresenta alto nível de alelopatia de modo a impedir quase que completamente a germinação do caruru. A dose, com efeito, mais prejudicial para a germinação do caruru foi a de 100 g L-1.

The objective was to verify possible allelopathic effects exerted by aqueous extracts of leaves of Amburana cearensis and Plectranthus barbatus on the seed germination of the weed Amaranthus deflexus.A. deflexus seeds were put to germinate in Petri plates containing aqueous plant extracts obtained from A. cearensis and P. barbatus leaves under two tillage methods - aqueous extract from fresh leaves and aqueous extract by infusion of dried leaves - and two dosages - 50 and 100 g L-1. We used a completely randomized design with 4 replications and a detached witness composing a factorial 2 x 2 x 2 + 1. It was determined the final percentage and germination speed index. Data analysis revealed differences between treatments and the witness, conditioning different allelopathy levels for the extracts used, dramatically affecting the germination of A. deflexus. The A. cearensis fresh leaves extracts has a high level of allelopathy since they prevent almost completely the germination of the weed A. deflexus. The most damaging dosage for germination of A. deflexus was 100 g L-1.

Nós descrevemos o caso clínico de uma criança do sexo feminino, com 7 anos de idade, portadora de sarcoma de Ewing, que evoluiu com leucemia aguda mielóide pouco diferenciada (LMA-M0) após vinte meses de tratamento utilizando o protocolo EW92. Ela recebeu uma dose total de 1.500 mg de etoposídio, irradiação tumoral na dose total de 35G, e fator de estimulação de colônia granulocítica (G-CSF) conforme programação do protocolo terapêutico. Os exames laboratoriais, por ocasião do diagnóstico da segunda malignidade, mostraram células blásticas imaturas caracterizadas pela expressão de CD34+/CD33-/aMPO+ e a translocação t(4;11) (q 21;q23). A exclusão do G-CSF nos esquemas terapêuticos que associam etoposídio e irradiação tumoral se justifica devido a esta séria complicação no tratamento do sarcoma de Ewing.

We report on a 7-year-old girl with Ewing's Sarcoma (ES) who developed a poorly differentiated acute myeloid leukemia (AML-M0) 20 months after beginning the EW92 protocol for the treatment of the primary tumor. She received a total dose of 1500 mg of etoposide, a tumor cumulative radiation dose of 35Gy and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was as predicted in the protocol regimen. At onset of secondary malignancy her laboratorial analysis revealed immature blast cells characterized by CD34+/CD33-/a-MPO+ and a t(4;11)(q21;q23) abnormality. This serious complication of ES treatment, which associates etoposide, irradiation and G-CSF schedule, should be weighed against its therapeutic benefits.

This work was aimed at producing new polymeric materials using oxygenated organic compounds as main reactants and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) as a production technique. The films obtained were analyzed by profilometry, in order to determine the deposition rate, by Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify the species deposited and by contact angle measurements to determine the polarity of the surface. For the reactants used, namely ethanol, acetone and 2-propanol, the plasma deposition process was least efficient with ethanol followed by acetone and 2-propanol. With the latter, reproducible thin films were obtained with a high deposition rate (up to 400 Å/min). These films had a high amount of OH and could be wetted by common organic solvents, such as 2-propanol or acetone. The contact angle formed by drops of 2-propanol or acetone aqueous solution on the film produced from 2-propanol varied significantly with the concentration, from 0.9% to 50% by vol., indicating that the film is sensitive to polar solutions.